True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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1.
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A Global Positioning satellite tells geographers the latitude and longitude of a
place.
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2.
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The study of the earth in all its variety is geography.
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3.
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Tsunamis are huge waves caused by undersea volcanoes.
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4.
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The seven massive land areas on the earth are called continents.
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5.
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When two plates move alongside each other, a fault is created.
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6.
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The earth's water is 98 percent salt water.
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7.
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The water that fills tiny cracks and holes in the rock layers below the surface
of the earth is groundwater.
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8.
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Seventy percent of the earth's surface is covered by water.
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9.
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Layers of soil that stay permanently frozen are called glaciers.
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10.
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No trees grow above the timberline.
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11.
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The world's people live on a small fraction of the earth's
surface.
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12.
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Population density is the average number of people living in an
ecosystem.
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13.
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Famine can result when the food supply increases faster than the
population.
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14.
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In many dry areas, farmers use irrigation to collect water and bring it to their
crops.
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15.
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The main sources of air pollution are industries and vehicles that burn fossil
fuels.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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16.
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The main tools geographers use are
a. | regions. | c. | maps and globes. | b. | relative locations. | d. | latitude and
longitude. |
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17.
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Physical geography is the study of the earth's
a. | two hemispheres. | c. | land, water, plant, and animal life. | b. | atmosphere. | d. | neighboring planets. |
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18.
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One way geographers gather information for accurate maps is by studying
a. | landforms. | c. | the grid system. | b. | photographs taken high above
Earth. | d. | lines of
latitude. |
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19.
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What two characteristics do geographers study about a place?
a. | physical and human | c. | GPS and GIS | b. | latitude and longitude | d. | maps and globes |
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20.
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The earth rotates on its
a. | axis. | c. | lines of longitude. | b. | lines of latitude. | d. | revolution. |
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21.
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The layer of air surrounding the earth is called
a. | a landform. | c. | the equinox. | b. | outer space. | d. | the atmosphere. |
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22.
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The planets in the solar system revolve around the
a. | atmosphere. | c. | sun. | b. | asteroids. | d. | moon. |
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23.
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The process of breaking surface rock into boulders, gravel, sand, and soil is
called
a. | weathering. | c. | faulting. | b. | freezing. | d. | plating. |
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24.
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Giant sheets of ice are called
a. | straits. | c. | plateaus. | b. | erosions. | d. | glaciers. |
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25.
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The relatively thin, uppermost layer of the earth is the
a. | magma. | c. | crust. | b. | plate. | d. | soil. |
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26.
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Undersea earthquakes can cause huge waves called
a. | straits. | c. | tsunamis. | b. | peninsulas. | d. | isthmuses. |
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27.
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A violent and sudden movement of the earth's crust is
a. | a tsunami. | c. | a plate tectonic. | b. | an earthquake. | d. | a magma. |
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28.
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A narrow body of water between two pieces of land is a
a. | peninsula. | c. | river. | b. | strait. | d. | stream. |
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29.
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The lowest spots in the earth's crust are called
a. | channels. | c. | mountains. | b. | valleys. | d. | trenches. |
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30.
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Deposits of sand and soil at the mouth of a river form a
a. | delta. | c. | trench. | b. | plateau. | d. | swamp. |
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31.
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A body of land smaller than a continent and completely surrounded by water is
an
a. | elevation. | c. | island. | b. | environment. | d. | atmosphere. |
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32.
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Low-lying stretches of flat or gently rolling land are called
a. | plateaus. | c. | elevations. | b. | islands. | d. | plains. |
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33.
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What water can be tapped by wells?
a. | salt water | c. | evaporated water | b. | groundwater | d. | condensation |
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34.
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Almost all the water on the earth’s surface is
a. | salt water. | c. | freshwater. | b. | condensation. | d. | water vapor. |
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35.
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What percentage of the earth’s surface is covered by water?
a. | 3 percent | c. | 70 percent | b. | 97 percent | d. | 100 percent |
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36.
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The two types of water on the earth’s surface are freshwater and
a. | groundwater. | c. | glaciers. | b. | salt water. | d. | aquifers. |
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37.
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The climate on the windward side of coastal mountain ranges is
a. | the same as the climate on the leeward side. | b. | cool and
dry. | c. | humid and foggy. | d. | hot and dry. |
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38.
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The often destructive seasonal winds that bring much-needed rain to South Asia
are called
a. | typhoons. | c. | hurricanes. | b. | monsoons. | d. | thunderstorms. |
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39.
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Land areas in latitudes near the Equator are called the
a. | high latitudes. | c. | Poles. | b. | currents. | d. | tropics. |
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40.
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The dry area on the leeward side of coastal mountains is called a
a. | monsoon. | c. | tropical climate. | b. | rain shadow. | d. | natural
landform. |
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41.
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Huge evergreen forests called taiga grow in what region?
a. | subarctic | c. | Arctic Circle | b. | Mediterranean | d. | tropics |
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42.
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What term refers to the partly dry grasslands that surround many deserts?
a. | tundra | c. | rain forest | b. | savannas | d. | steppes |
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43.
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The thick layer of vegetation that forms the top layer of a rain forest is
the
a. | tundra. | c. | steppes. | b. | timberline. | d. | canopy. |
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44.
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Areas with a humid subtropical climate have heaviest rainfall in the
a. | summer. | c. | high latitudes. | b. | winter. | d. | inland plains. |
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45.
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Areas in both the tundra and subarctic regions have frozen layers of soil
called
a. | permafrost. | c. | ice caps. | b. | steppes. | d. | grasslands. |
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46.
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Who makes decisions about what to produce in a market economy?
a. | the government | c. | culture | b. | society | d. | individuals |
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47.
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People express their culture through
a. | the literacy rate. | c. | social groups. | b. | the arts. | d. | culture
regions. |
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48.
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Geographers divide the world into areas called
a. | river-valley cultures. | c. | civilizations. | b. | culture regions. | d. | political
systems. |
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49.
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The government controls decisions about what goods and services will be produced
in a
a. | command economy. | c. | market economy. | b. | traditional economy. | d. | free enterprise
system. |
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50.
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Language allows people to communicate and share
a. | material goods. | c. | information. | b. | cultural diffusion. | d. | income. |
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51.
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The most important reason people move to cities is to
a. | increase urbanization. | c. | leave densely populated places. | b. | find
jobs. | d. | become
refugees. |
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52.
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People prefer to live in places that have good land, a favorable climate,
and
a. | plentiful water. | c. | forests. | b. | high birthrates. | d. | rivers. |
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53.
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One challenge of population growth is famine, which means
a. | a lack of housing. | c. | an increase in population density. | b. | a lack of
food. | d. | a lack of water
supply. |
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54.
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In 1999 the earth's population reached
a. | 23 million. | c. | 1 billion. | b. | 50 million. | d. | 6 billion. |
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55.
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Population density is the average number of people living in a
a. | square mile or square kilometer. | c. | city. | b. | region. | d. | country. |
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56.
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Countries that are working toward industrialization are called
a. | emerging countries. | c. | developing countries. | b. | foreign
countries. | d. | service
countries. |
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57.
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Free trade means taking down barriers so that
a. | goods flow freely among countries. | c. | quotas are
enforced. | b. | natural resources are depleted. | d. | natural resources are
increased. |
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58.
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Which one of the following is produced by the heat of the sun?
a. | fossil fuels | c. | hydroelectric power | b. | renewable resource | d. | solar energy |
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59.
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A tax that is added to the price of imported goods is a
a. | quota. | c. | free trade law. | b. | tariff. | d. | regulation. |
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60.
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Energy generated by falling water is called
a. | solar power. | c. | solar energy. | b. | hydroelectric power. | d. | a nonrenewable
resource. |
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61.
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A place where plants and animals are dependent on one another and their
surroundings for survival is
a. | an ecosystem. | c. | a region. | b. | a continent. | d. | an environment. |
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62.
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The main sources of air pollution are
a. | pesticides and fertilizers. | b. | acid rain and erosion. | c. | industries and
vehicles that burn fossil fuels. | d. | desalinization and
deforestation. |
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63.
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The process of cutting down forests is called
a. | lumbering. | c. | desalinization. | b. | irrigation. | d. | deforestation. |
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64.
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Crop rotation is used by farmers to avoid using up all the
a. | organic material. | c. | ecosystems. | b. | minerals in the soil. | d. | groundwater. |
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65.
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Some scientists believe that increasing amounts of pollutants in the atmosphere
will cause the earth to
a. | warm. | c. | cool. | b. | expand. | d. | shrink. |
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Matching
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | Global Positioning System (GPS) | d. | landforms | b. | environment | e. | regions | c. | geography |
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66.
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individual features of the land
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67.
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natural surroundings
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68.
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areas that share some common characteristics
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69.
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the study of the earth in all its variety
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70.
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a group of satellites traveling around Earth
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | orbit | d. | a revolution | b. | solstice | e. | equinox | c. | the solar
system |
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71.
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the first day of summer and of winter
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72.
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when day and night are of equal length in both hemispheres
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73.
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a planet’s path around the sun
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74.
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the earth’s complete trip around the sun
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75.
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the sun, planets, and other smaller bodies
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | faults | d. | continents | b. | core | e. | mantle | c. | plate
tectonics |
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76.
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a theory about the earth’s structure
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77.
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massive land areas
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78.
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cracks in the earth’s crust
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79.
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the thick layer of rock around the earth’s core
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80.
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the center part of the earth
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | water cycle | d. | condensation | b. | aquifer | e. | precipitation | c. | water
vapor |
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81.
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water vapor changing into a liquid
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82.
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constant movement of the earth’s total amount of water
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83.
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water in the form of gas
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84.
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underground rock layer that water flows through
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85.
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water falling to the earth’s surface
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | urbanization | d. | emigrants | b. | death rate | e. | birthrate | c. | refugees |
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86.
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people who leave their country and move to another
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87.
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average number of births for every 1,000 people
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88.
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people forced to flee from their countries
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89.
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people’s movement to cities
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90.
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number of deaths for every 1,000 people
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | coal, oil, and natural gas | d. | renewable
resources | b. | subsistence farming | e. | nonrenewable resources | c. | natural
resources |
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91.
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resources that can be replaced as they are used up
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92.
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products of the earth that people use to meet their needs
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93.
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farmers growing only enough food to feed their own families
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94.
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resources that cannot be replaced
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95.
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fossil fuels
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | erosion | d. | pesticides | b. | desalinization | e. | acid rain | c. | conservation |
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96.
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rain containing high amounts of chemical pollutants
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97.
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chemicals that kill crop-destroying insects
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98.
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removing salt from seawater
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99.
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wind or water carrying soil away
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100.
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careful use of resources so they are not wasted
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