Matching
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | Spanish Armada | f. | Mary Wollstonecraft | b. | John Rolfe | g. | Navigation Acts | c. | Copernicus | h. | Thomas Hobbes | d. | science | i. | cottage industry | e. | caravel | j. | Tom
Paine |
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1.
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organized study of how the natural world works
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2.
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an improved Portuguese ship that allowed exploration of the oceans
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3.
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wrote Common Sense
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4.
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scientist who theorized that the sun was at the center of the universe
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | astrolabe | f. | Columbian Exchange | b. | mercantilism | g. | Henry the Navigator | c. | theory | h. | René Descartes | d. | deism | i. | Louis XIV | e. | Johannes
Kepler | j. | Ferdinand
Magellan |
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5.
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theorized planets moved in oval paths around the sun
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6.
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“I think, therefore I am”
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7.
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the Sun King who ruled France for 72 years
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8.
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religious belief based on reason
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9.
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the idea that a country gains power by building up a supply of gold and
silver
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10.
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explanation of how something works based on facts
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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“. . . The Admiral . . . commanded his fleet not to fall upon [the Spanish
ships]. . . . Notwithstanding, the Vice-Admiral, Sir Richard Grenville, being in the ship called
the Revenge, went into the Spanish fleet and shot among them, doing them great hurt; and
thinking the rest of the company would have followed: which they did not, but left him there and
sailed away. The cause why, could not be known. Which the Spaniards perceiving, with seven or eight
ships they boarded her: but she withstood them all, fighting with them, at the least, twelve hours
together: and sank two of them. . . . But, in the end, by reason of the number that came upon her,
she was taken; to their great loss: for they had lost in fighting and by drowning, above four hundred
men. Of the Englishmen, there were slain about a hundred.”
—John Huyghen Van Linschoten,
as quoted in Eyewitness to
History | |
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11.
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 What did Grenville wrongly believe? a. | The other ships would leave him on his own. | b. | The other ships
would come with him. | c. | The Spaniards were
undefeatable. | d. | The Admiral disliked him. |
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12.
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 How long did the Revenge hold off the
Spaniards who were trying to board? a. | one day | c. | twelve hours | b. | two days | d. | seventy-two
hours |
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“About ten a clocke we came into a deepe Valley, full of brush, wood-gaile, and long
grasse, through which wee found little paths or tracts, and there we saw a Deere, and found Springs
of fresh Water, of which we were hartily glad, and sat us downe and drunke our first New England
Water, with as much delight as ever we drunke drinke in all our lives. . . . On Munday we found a
very good Harbour for our shipping, we marched also into the Land, and found divers corne Fields and
little running Brookes, a place verie good for [our situation], so we returned to our Ship
againe with good newes to the rest of our people, which did much comfort their hearts.”
—William Bradford,
as quoted in Eyewitness to
History | |
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13.
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 What was the first animal the Pilgrims saw in the
Americas? a. | long grasse | c. | a rabbit | b. | a deer | d. | a fish |
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14.
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 What did Bradford find of which he was
“hartily glad”? a. | a valley full of brush | c. | springs of fresh water | b. | little paths or
tracts | d. | divers corne
Fields |
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15.
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 What quote from the passage tells you that the
Pilgrims were pleased with what they found? a. | “we came into a deepe Valley, full of brush, and
wood-gaile” | b. | “we . . . sat us downe and drunke our
first New England Water” | c. | “we . . . found divers corne Fields and
little running Brookes” | d. | “we returned to our Ship againe with good
newes” |
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16.
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 Why was it important to the Pilgrims to find
fields of corn? a. | They could build homes. | b. | They would be able to grow
food. | c. | There were no Native people in the area. | d. | They would not be
vulnerable to flood. |
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17.
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 What did the Pilgrims find? a. | a suitable place in which to start their new lives | b. | a place where they
could establish a hunting ground | c. | a place that would never be able to meet their
needs | d. | a place where they would be in constant conflict and
need |
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“. . . For it is the duty of an astronomer to compose the history of the celestial
motions through careful and skillful observation. Then turning to the causes of these motions or
hypotheses about them, he must conceive and devise, since he cannot in any way attain to the true
causes, such hypotheses as, being assumed, enable the motions to be calculated correctly from the
principles of geometry, for the future as well as for the past. The present author has performed both
these duties excellently. For these hypotheses need not be true nor even probable; if they provide a
calculus consistent with the observations, that alone is sufficient.”
—Copernicus,
as quoted in The Discoverers | |
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18.
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 What is the second thing the astronomer
does? a. | observe | c. | hypothesize | b. | conceive and devise | d. | calculate |
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19.
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 Which of these is the mother country? a. | the Philippines | c. | the Americas | b. | Spain | d. | the United
Kingdom |
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20.
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Mercantilists believe a country should
a. | export more goods than it imports. | b. | import more goods than it
exports. | c. | stop trade. | d. | print lots of paper
money. |
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21.
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The Scientific Revolution began during the
a. | 1300s. | c. | 1500s. | b. | 1400s. | d. | 1600s. |
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Plain general principles are obvious to every one who stops to reflect. . . . I should
shrink from the idea of a revolution . . . and I again earnestly repeat the wish, that the wisdom of
the legislature may keep pace with the national light. . . . It appears to me that all monarchical,
and aristocratical governments, carry within themselves the seeds of their dissolution; for when they
become corrupt, and oppressive to a certain degree, the effects must necessarily be . . .
revolt.
—Mary Hays, Letters and Essays, Moral and
Miscellaneous (1793) | |
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22.
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 What did Hays believe might happen when a
government becomes corrupt? a. | The legislature is overthrown. | b. | The ruler is tried in
court. | c. | The people revolt. | d. | The people execute the
ruler. |
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23.
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England and Spain went to war in the 1560s because Spain demanded
a. | that the Dutch remain Catholics. | b. | that the Dutch convert to
Protestantism. | c. | that England pay high taxes on trade. | d. | control over the English
Channel. |
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24.
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According to Ptolemy, the sun
a. | revolved around Earth. | c. | was the biggest star. | b. | was the center of
the universe. | d. | had many
moons. |
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25.
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What did English doctor William Harvey discover?
a. | germs cause illness | c. | cells | b. | the heart pumps blood | d. | the law of
gravity |
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26.
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Who was the greatest thinker of the Enlightenment?
a. | Voltaire | c. | Wollstonecraft | b. | Galileo | d. | Plato |
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27.
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In what year did Great Britain recognize American independence?
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28.
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 Which of the following steps is called for after
a hypothesis has been tested? a. | Modify | c. | Experiment | b. | Predict | d. | Observe |
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1607. Being thus left to our fortunes, it fortuned [happened] that within ten
days scarce ten among us could either go or well stand, such extreme weakness and sickness oppressed
us. And thereat none need marvel if they consider the cause and reason, which was this. While the
ships stayed, our allowance was somewhat bettered by a daily proportion of biscuits, which the
sailors would pilfer [steal] to sell, give, or exchange with us for money . . . But when
they departed, there remained neither tavern, beer, house, nor place of relief.
—John Smith, “Starving Time in
Virginia” | |
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29.
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 The colonists were suffering because they a. | did not have enough food. | c. | came down with the
plague. | b. | were working very hard. | d. | they were low on money. |
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30.
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 How did the sailors help the colonists? a. | They took the colonists back to England. | b. | They planted crops
for the colonists. | c. | They gave the colonists extra
food. | d. | They built houses for the colonists. |
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Essay
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31.
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What were the Intolerable Acts? What effects did they have on the American
colonies?
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32.
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What is the scientific method? Describe its steps.
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